Exhaust nozzle flap movement limiting and interflap seal centering means



May 3, 1960 E. A. ODEGAARD EXHAUST NozzLE ELA? MOVEMENT L mrrmc AND INTERFLAP SEAL CENTERING MEANS 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 24, 1956 lNvEN-ron EUGENE A- ODEGAARD BYWA--TORNEY May 3 1960 E. A. ODEGAARD EXHAUST NOZZLE FLAP MOVEMENT LIMITING AND INTERFLAP SEAL CENTERING MEANS Filed Aug. 24, 195e 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR EUGENE A May`3, 1960 E. A. oDEGAARD 2,934,890

EXHAUST NozzLE ELAP MOVEMENT LIMITING AND INTERELAP SEAL CENTERING MEANS Filed Aug. 24, 1956 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 wp l 270 2&5 lNvENToR EUGENE A- ODEGAARD ZM BY www i #WM ATTORNEY May 3, 1960 E. A. ODEGAARD 2,934,890

E EXHAUST NozzLE FLAP MovEMENT LIMITING E AND INTERELAP SEAL CENTERING MEANS Filed Aug. 24, 1956 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 zsz FIGMS "+B lNvEN-roR 250/ 1 a: x2@ EUGENE A. ODEGAARD Z 266 BY /ywun ATTORNEY May 3, 1960 E. A. oDEGAARD EXHAUST NOZZLE FLAP MOVEMENT LIMITING AND INTERFLAP SEAL CENTERING MEANS Filed Aug. 24, 1956 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR EUGENE A- ODEGAARD BY WTITORNEY May 3, 1960 E. A. oDEGAARD 2,934,390

EXHAUST NOZZLE FLAP MOVEMENT LIMITING AND INTERFLAP SEAL CENTERING MEANS Filed Aug. 24, 1956 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 F`IC3-22 ATTQRNEY EXHAUST NOZZLE FLAI MGVEMENT LIMITING AND INTERFLAP SEAL CENTERING MEANS Eugene A. Odegaard, Wethersiield, Conn., assignor to United Aircraft Corporation, East Hartford, Conn., a corporation of Delaware Application August 24, 1956, Serial No. 606,120

'10 Claims. (Ci. 641-356) limit the relative circumferential movement between the llaps of an exhaust nozzle such that an exhaust nozzle of circular cross-section is maintained.

It is 1a further object of this invention to limit the relative circumferential movement between adjacent aps of an exhaust nozzle to prevent loss of frictional engagement between adjacent overlapping flaps or between adjacent aps and the overlapping sealing means located between adjacent aps.

It is still a further object of this invention to provide means for centrally locating an overlapping sealing strip located between the adjacent aps of an exhaust nozzle.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a typical aircraft turbojet engine with afterburner and with the double flap, variable area exhaust nozzle of the type to which this application relates attached to the afterburner.

Fig. 2 is a partial rear View of the double flap exhaust nozzle attached to an afterburner. y

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view along line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged View along line 4 4 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a view along line 5 5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a View along line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a view along line 7--7 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 8 is a side View of a portion of the interflap sealing means.

. Fig. 9 is a top view of the interflap sealingmeans shown in Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a side View of another portion of the interap sealing means.

Fig. 1l is a top view of the sealing means shown in Y Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a view taken along line 12-12 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the inner flap interflap sealing means with the sealing surfaces abutting to show the exhaust nozzle closed position.

Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view of an inner flap showing a pin retaining means.

Fig. 15 is a bottom view of the structure shown in Fig. 14.

Fig. 16'is a view taken along line 16-16 of Fig. 14.

Fig.Y 17 is a cross-sectional view of an inner Hap showing a second pin retaining means.

.'Fig. 18 is a view taken alongline 18-18 of Fig. 17.

Fig. 19 is a partial bottom view of the conliguration shown in Fig. 17. j Fig. 20 is a cross-sectional View of an inner flap showing still another type of pin retaining means. 5 Fig. 21 is a bottom view of the structure shown in Fig. 20. v

Fig. 22 is a partial cross-sectional view of a single ap vexhaust nozzle utilizing the cam and opposed yoke actuating mechanism. Y

,A 2,934,890 Patented May 3, 1960 Fig. 23 is a perspective showing of sealing strip to vane attaching lug.

Fig. 24 is a view taken along line 24-24 of Fig. 4.

Referring to Fig. l, we see aircraft turbo-jet engine 10 comprising air inlet section 12, compressor section 14, combustion section 16, turbine section 18, afterburner section 26 and exhaust nozzle 22. Air enters air inlet section 12 and is compressed as it passes through compressor section 14 then is heated by combustion charnbers 24 as it passes through combustion section 16. Fuel enters combustion chamber 24 through fuel nozzles 26 which are provided fuel by fuel manifold 2S. Spark plug 30 or other ignition means may be used to ignite the atomized fuel which enters combustion chamber 24. After leaving combustion sections 16, the heated gases pass through turbine section 18 and thence through afterburner 20. In afterburner section 20, fuel is introduced through fuel spray bar 32 and is ignited by-spark plug or other ignition means 34 while ameholders 36 are provided so that combustion may be supported downstream thereof. After passing through and being reheated in afterburner section 20, the exhaust gases then pass through exhaust nozzle 22 and are discharged into the atmosphere so as to produce thrust. Exhaust nozzle 22 consists basically of a plurality of inner flaps 42 which are surrounded by outer aps 40. Exhaust nozzle 22 is shown in somewhat greater detail in Fig. 3 which shows afterburner cooling liner 44 located within and concentric with afterburner duct 46. Engine nacelle or other duct 48 is located outboard of an concentric with afterburner duct 46 and afterburner cooling liner 44 such that cooling air passage 50 is formed between afterburner cooling liner 44 and afterburner duct 46 while cooling air passage 52 is formed between afterburner duct 46 and engine nacelle or other duct 48. The cooling air which passes through cooling air passages 50 and 52 may be provided from any convenient source, such as ram air, engine'compressorv air, or any bleed air in a relatively cool section of the engine. The cooling air or other fluid which passes through the cooling iluid passage 52 passes l between outer flaps 40 and inner aps 42 so as to cool the inner surface S6 of outer flaps 40 and the outer surface 58 of inner liaps 42. Still referring to Fig. 3, we see that afterburner duct 46 terminates in exhaust outlet 60, through which the gases from engine 10 are discharged after passing through afterburner 20. Afterburner duct 46 carries ring or attachment means 62 which permits inner flaps 42 to be pivotally attached to exhaust outlet 60. Referring Vto Figs. 2 and 3, it Will be noted that the plurality of inner flaps 42 are located circumferentially about and pivotally attached to exhaust outlet 60. Separating means 64 may be used to concentrically locate afterburner cooling liner 44 with respect to afterburner duct 46. Separating means 64 may consist either of a convoluted strip or a series of linger springs located circumferentially about afterburner duct 46 or may consist of a ring with a plurality of windows spaced circumferentially about the ring. Again referring to Fig. 3, it will be seen that projection or conical support member 66 extends outwardly from afterburner duct 46 and carries support ring 68. The plurality of outer flaps 40 pivotally attach to projection 66 through rings 68 and at pivot point 69. The plurality of outer flaps 40 are located circumferentially about projection or conical support member 66 and, as best shown in Fig. 2, are separated such that spaces exists between adjacent outer aps 40.

Now referring to Figs. 3 and 4, we see that outer iiaps 40 consist of inner Wall 70 and outer wall 72 spaced therefrom and a smooth fairing 74 smoothly connecting the after ends of inner wall 70 and outer wall 72. While not necessarily so limited, smooth fairing 74 may be of substantially semi-circular cross-section. Inner wall 70 converges toward outer wall 72 at its after or downstream end such that outer flaps 40, in combination with outer iiap interflap sealing means '76, to be described later and shown in Fig. 2, wholly or partially form the divergent section of a convergent-divergent type exhaust nozzle throughout the full variable nozzle area range. It will be noted that connecting means or links 80 are pivotally attached to both outer flaps 40 at socket 81 and inner flaps 42 at hole 83 in web 85 (see Figs. 2 and 7V), thereby connecting outer iiaps 40 with inner liiaps 42 such that the actuation of either plurality of flaps will actuate the outer plurality of flaps. Fig.' 3 shows the plurality of inner aps 42 and the plurality of outer flaps 40 in their extended position in solid lines and further shows both pluralities of flaps in their innermost position in phantom. It will be noted, as shown in Fig. 22, that outer aps 40may be used without inner aps 42 by pivotally attaching'the outer flaps 40 to exhaust outlet 60.

By referring to Figs. 2, 3 and 4 we see that the plurality of outer flaps 40 are connected circumferentially by outer ap interflap sealing means 76, which permits relative circumferential movement between outer aps 40 and provides an exhaust nozzle with smooth inner and outer walls which are smoothly connected at their after ends so as to wholly or partially form the divergent section of the exhaust nozzle. It will further be seen that inner flaps 42 have smooth inner surface 54 which is shaped concave inwardly such that when in their extended position the plurality of inner aps 42, when combined with inner Hap interiiap sealing strips 82, form a smooth Vconvergent-divergent nozzle which blends with the diiow in annular passage 52, a divergent nozzle section is formed at all nozzle positions. Fluid ow in passage 52 which is exhausted through the annular orifice formed by the after end of inner iiaps 42 and inner surface 56 of outer flaps 40 has the effect, in addition to the structure cooling effect previously mentioned, of aerodynamically filling in the step between the inner flaps 42 and outer aps 40 thus forming a smooth divergent shape iiow path for the exhaust gases. It will further be noted that the inner ap intertiap sealing means of strip 82 (see Figs. 4 and 7) smoothly joins and attaches to inner flaps 42 such that relative circumferential motion is permitted between inner flaps 42 and sealing strip 82.

Inthe double flap configuration shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, the outer aps 40 only are caused to actuate and since they are connected by connecting means 80, the actuation of outer flaps 40 also actuates inner flaps 42, In the single ap configuration shown in Fig. 22, the same actuating means which is now to be described is used. This system consists of cam 90 (Fig. 5) which is located circumferentially between adjacent outer flaps 40 and contained within outer flap interiiap sealing means 76 such that it is completely enclosed within outer aps 40 and sealing means 76. Cam 90 may have lightning holes 92 therein and carries roller unit 94 at its downstream or after end. Roller unit 94 may consist of bracket 96 which is attached to the after or downstream end of cam 90 by any convenient attachment means such as rivets 98 and further consists of ear-like projections 100 and 101 which carry rollers 102 and 104 in rotatable fashion and rollers 102 and 104 rotate about any convenient axis such as nut and bolt unit 106. Roller unit 94 also has track 108 which engages inwardly directed lip 110 of outer iiap interflap sealing means 76 so as to position said sealing means and center it with respect to adjacent outer iiaps. It will be noted by referring to Fig. 5 that cam 90 has its greatest thickness at its after or downstream end and further has smooth side surfaces 112 and 114 against which the rollers of opposed yoke unit 116 bear and roll. Cam 90 is positioned so as to be substantially parallel to lat least one of the plurality of aps 40 or parallel to adjacent outer flaps 40. Roller unit 118 supports cam 90 at its forward or upstream end as the rollers 120 and 122 of roller unit 118 bear against or ride on tracks such as track 124. Any convenient axle such as nut and bolt unit 126 may be provided to permit the rolling of rollers 120 and 122. Variable length linkage 128 attaches the plurality of cams 90 which are positioned between adjacent outer aps 40 to actuating ring 130, while variable length linkage 132 attaches actuating ring 130 to a plurality of actuating cylinder and piston units 134. Actuating cylinder and piston unit 134 consists of a piston within a cylinder, which piston is connected to linkage 132 and which is positioned within the cylinder by some fluid force which is governed by a variable area exhaust nozzle` control such as is described in co-pending U.S. application Serial No. 503,133

Yso as to cause actuating ring 130 to be positionable and to move fore and aft between its after position, as shown in solid lines in Fig. 4 and its forward position as shown in phantom in Fig. 4. When actuating ring 130 is in its after or downstream position, outer aps 40 and inner flaps 42 are actuated to their outer position as shown in solid lines in Figs. 3 and 4 while when actuating ring 130 is in its farthest forward or upstream position as shown in phantom in Fig. 4, both inner flaps 42 and outer aps 40 are in their inner position as shown in phantom in Fig. 3. When actuating cylinder and piston unit 134 are governed by a variable area exhaust nozzle control as described in the above-mentioned co-pending application, actuating ring 130 and therefore flaps 40 and 42 may be positioned in any intermediate position between their inner and outer positions.

Fig. 3 shows track unit 136 which is a support for actuating ring 130 to insure that it is centrally located with respect to afterburner duct 46 and outer iiaps 40. Aplurality of track units such as 136 are attached to the forward inner surfaces of outer aps 40 and substantially equally spaced circumferentially about the exhaust nozzle formed by flaps 40. Track unit 136 may be placed on each flap 40 or may be placed in equally circumferential spaced relation but not on each flap 40. Track unit 136 projects inwardly and outwardly as it is carried by rotating flap 40 and is so contoured that roller unit 138, which is attached to actuating ring 130, bears against `the contoured track surface 140 of track unit 136.

Cam 90 may be any desired cam proportion so that the aps of the exhaust nozzle operate at optimum speeds and form optimum areas for the given power plant configuration instead of separating or operating uniformly. While not necessarily so limited, cam 90, as shown in Fig. 5, is in the shape of simple wedge.

Referring to Figs. 3, 5 and 6, we see that rollers 102 and 104 of roller unit 94 are located at the after end of cam 90 and engage tracks 150 and 152 of adjacent outer iiaps 40. Dimples or ribs 154 may be placed in tracks j and 15.2 to perform a strengthening function. As

shown in Fig. 5, adjacent flaps 40 and 40 carry tracks 150 and 152 to perform a strengthening function. As 102 and 104 of roller unit 94, respectively. It will be noted that tracks 150 and 152 are of considerably greater thickness at their after or downstream ends than they are at their forward ends and that the thickness of tracks 150 and 152 is uniformly progressive from their front or forward ends to their after or downstream ends. Due to the increasedthickness of tracks 150 and 152 at their downstream ends, the rearward or downstream movement of wedge 90 and roller unit 94 will cause adjacent outer flaps 40 and 40 to separate and thereby cause outer aps 40 to pivot or rotate outwardly to their outer position as shown in solid lines in Figs. 3 and 4. As flaps 40 separate and move toward their outer position, outer flap interliaps sealing means 76 continue to center 'n projections 108 of roller unit 94 yet remain in frictional engagement with adjacent aps 40 to form therewith a smooth surfaced exhaust nozzle of greater diameter. In practice, roller unit 94 will be assisted in moving exhaust nozzle 22 to its open position by the gas loading on the inner surfaces 56 of outer flaps 40 and the inner surface 54 of inner iiaps 42. This gas loading imposes a force upon both flaps 40 and 42 so as to cause them to rotate or pivot outwardly to their outer or exhaust nozzle open positions.

Opposed yoke unit 116 Vco-acts with cam 90 to cause aps 40 and 42 to rotate or pivot to or toward their inner or exhaust nozzle closed positions. Opposed yoke unit 116 consists of yoke 160 and opposed yoke 162. Yoke 160 is Y-shaped and consists of stem 164 and arms 166 and 168 and carries rollers 170 and 172 at the ends of arms 166 and 168. Rollers 170 and 172 are attached to yoke l160 by any convenient axle means such as nut and bolt units-174 and 176. Stem 164 of yoke 160 has a hole 178 located at its extremity and a bolt 179 passes therethrough to engage a lug 180 in the interior of outer Hap 40 such that yoke 160 and opposed yoke unit 116 is attached to outer flap 40 at the extremity of the stem of its Y-shaped yoke while rollers 170 and 172 are pivotally attached to the extremities of arms 166 and 168 of yoke 160 and bear against the anti-flap side or surface 114 of cam or wedge 90.

' Opposed yoke 162 is also Y-shaped in cross-section and, as is shown in Fig. 5, the arms 182 and 184 of opposed yoke 162 and the arms 166 and 168 of yoke 160 'are directed toward each other while stem 186 of opposed yoke 162 and stem 164 of yoke 160 are positioned Asubstantially perpendicular to the axis of cam 90. Opposed yoke 162 has hole 188 located in the extremity of stem 186 such that a bolt 189 may be passed through hole 188 so as to engage a lug comparable to lug 180 in the interior of adjacent outer flap 40' while roller units 190 and 192 are carried by arms 182 and 184 of opposed yoke 162 in the same fashion as described for yoke 160 such that rollers 190 and 192 bear against the anti-flap surface 112 of cam 90. By referring to Figs. 4` and 5, it will be noted that yokes 160 attach to alternate outer flaps 40 while counter yokes 162 attach to the remaining flaps and that both yokes 160 and counter yokes 162 of opposed yoke unit 116 are positioned and located at about the middle of the length of aps 40.

. Opposed yoke unit 116 works in conjunction with cam 90 to cause aps 40 and 42 to pivot or rotate to or toward their inner or exhaust nozzle closed positions. As actuating cylinder-piston unit 134 causes actuating ring 130 to move forward or upstream, cam or wedge 90 also moves forward or upstream and as the respective rollers of yokes 160 and 162 bear against cam surfaces 112 and 114, the rollers are caused to separate due to the increased cam thickness therebetween as cam 9d moves forward. As rollers 196 and 192 of opposed yoke 162 are caused torseparate from rollers 170 and 172 of yoke 160 due to `the increased thickness of cam 90 therebetween, the stem extremities at holes 178 and 188 of yoke 160 and opposed yoke 162,`respectively, are drawn toward each other. Since the yoke 160 and opposed yoke 162 stems lare attached to adjacent outer flaps 40, the forward movement of cam or wedge 90 causes adjacent outer flaps to be drawn closer to each other thereby causing '162 are located and attached to outer aps 40 at substantially midlength of outer flap 40.

Opposed yoke units -116 andthe middle portions lengthwise of outer .flaps 48 therefore form hoop encompassing flaps 40,

which hoop is positioned midway along the length of iiaps 40. The hoop so formed performs the principal vstructural function inasmuch as it receives the gas loads `acting on the inner surfaces of Viaps 40 and Y42 vin hoop u6 tension and in substantially balanced fashion due to its mid-length position. Since the gas being discharged through exhaust nozzle 22 is of elevated temperature and high pressure, the strengthening function performed by the hoop so formed is of definite structural advantage to the exhaust nozzle since it directly absorbs most of the gas loads and thus serves to prevent the overloading of other exhaust nozzle components and engine parts which support the exhaust nozzle or which are attached to exhaust nozzle actuating parts.

The actuating means consisting of cam 90 and opposed yoke unit 116 perform additionally to assist exhaust nozzle aps 40 and 42 to maintain their positions against the force of the exhaust nozzle gas loads which operate on the inner surfaces of these flaps to cause them to rotate or pivot to or toward the exhaust nozzle open position. By assisting the exhaust nozzle flaps to maintain their position by absorbing the gas loads, the actuating means performs the additional function of preventing the gas loads imposed upon the aps from being transferred to the other engine parts, some of which may be located in a critical temperature or pressure location.

Now referring to Figs. 4, 6, S, 9, l0, 1l, a more particular description of the interflap sealing means 76 which is used between outer flaps 40 will be given. Interflap sealing means 76 is composed basically of two pieces, namely outer strip 200 and inner strip 220. Outer strip 200 as shown in Fig. 6, is contained within outer flaps 40 and engages outer walls 72 and adjacent iaps 40 in friction engagement and in overlapping fashion and eX- tends substantially the full length of outer flaps 40 such that it performs a sealing function between adjacent outer flaps 40 and permits relative circumferential movement between the outer iiaps. Outer strip 200 is shown in more particular detail in Figs. 8 and 9 and by referring to these views, we see that outer strip 200 consists of sheet metal strip 202 which is a tapered strip with its greatest width at its downstream end.

The upstream end 204 may be slipped under spring fingers or the like, on adjacent outer ilaps 40 so as to retain the forwardend of outer strip 200 against the undersurface of outer walls 72 of adjacent outer flaps 40. The downstream end of outer strip 260 curves smoothly downwardly as shown in Fig. 8. It will be noted that hole 208 is located at the after end of outer strip 200 and that boss 210 is attached to the inner surface of outer strip 200 so that inner-diameter threads 212 align with hole 208. As will be described later, hole 20S and boss 210 are provided to connect outer strip 220. Track 214, which may or may not be interrupted, runs longitudinally along and is attached by Welding or some other convenient method to the underside of outer strip 200. Lip 110 of track unit 214 is received between two pronged projections 108 of roller unit 94 so as to circumferentially position and center outer strip 200 and therefore interflap sealing means 76 between adjacent outer flaps 40.

Inner strip 220 of interflap sealing means 76 is located inboard or exterior of inner wall 70 of outer ap 40 and overlaps same in friction engagement so as to perform a sealing function and permit relative circumferential motion between the inner surface 70 of outer flaps 40. Inner strip 220 is shown in greater detail in Figs. 10 and 11. Inner strip 220 consists basically of arsheet metal section 222 which has a smooth bend 224 at its after end. Hole 226 passes through the after end 224 of outer strip 220 and aligns with hole 208 and boss 210 of outer strip 20d so as to receive a bolt 211 to connect outer strip 20) with inner strip 220 at their after ends. The forward end of inner strip 220 is caused to bear against the undersurfaces of inner wall 70 of` outer ilaps 40 by tab units 228. Tab units 228, as best shown in Fig. l0, are of L-shaped cross section with the base of the L spaced from sheet metal strip 222 substantially the distance of the thickness of inner wall 70 such that inner wall 70 of outer ap 40 passes between and is engaged on opposite 7 sides by surface 230 of strip 220A and surface 2320i tab unit 228. Stiifening web 229 is provided on the undersurfaces of inner strip 220 to perform a strengthening function.

As best shown in Fig. 24, strip 220 is circumferentially positioned and centered with respect to adjacent outer flaps 40 by connection to outer strip "200 at its after end and by guide 221 at its forward end. Guide 221 is pivotally attached to guide arms 223, while guide arms 223 are pivotally attached to inner walls 70 of adjacent outer flap 40. Guide 221 vhas a recess therein which receives rib 229 of strip 220, thereby performing the positioning and centering function referred to supra.

When assembled as described above, inner strip 220 and outer strip 280 combine to form outer flap interap sealing means 76 which are supported by outer flaps 48 and which vmove radially therewith but not circumferentially therewith since they are retained in circumferential position by roller unit 94 and guide unit 221. Sealing means 76 and flaps 40 combine to form an exhaust nozzle consisting of two spaced Walls 741 and 72 which present smooth exterior surfaces and form an elongated annulus or an annular member of V-shaped cross section which has a smoothly faired after end 74- to present good base drag characteristics and further to fully enclose cams 90, track units 94, opposed yoke units 116, roller units 118 and substantially all portions of the flap actuating mechanism excepting actuating ring 130 and actuating piston cylinder unit 134.

It will be obvious that since outer strip 268 is contained within outer flaps 40 while inner strip 220 is external of adjacent outer flaps 40 and since the two are connected at their after ends, axial motion between sealing means 76 and aps 4t) is prevented. Further, tab units 228 combine with the action of attaching boss 210 to prevent radial motion between sealing means 76 and outer flaps 40. It should be borne in mind that interflap sealing means '76 engages adjacent outer flaps 4i)` in sealing engagement yet in suciently light friction engagement that circumferential relative movement is permitted between the sealing means and adjacent flaps as well as between adjacent flaps.

Now referring to Figs. 7, 13 and 16 and 18 we note that inner flap interilap sealing means 256 is used to seal between adjacent inner aps 42. Inner flaps 42 taper rearwardly, that is, the downstream end is narrower than the upstream end, as shown in Fig. 15 and extend longitudinally from exhaust outlet 611 about which they are circumferentially located in spaced relation and to which they are pivotally attached. Inner flaps 42 have smooth nndersurfaces 54 which are shaped concave inwardly as shown in Figs. 14 and 17. Inner flap interap' sealing strips 82, which is a part of sealing means 258, may be at sheet metal plates which are forwardly tapering, that is, they have their greatest thickness at their after or downstream ends and form a longitudinally extending seal strip between and bearing juxtapositioned between and bearing against the undersurfaces 54 of adjacent inner flaps 42. Lug 252 extends upwardly from sealing strip 82 and has a longitudinally extending recess or slot 253 therein (see Fig. 23) which we will see later serves in part to secure sealing strip 82 to adjacent inner flaps 42 and also serves to center scaling strip 82 with respect to circumferentially moveable adjacent inner aps 42.

It will be noted by referring to Figs. 2() and 21 that sealing strip 82 has tabs 254 at its after or downstream end which engage the trailing edges of adjacent inner flaps 42 such that tabs 254 and lug 252 combine to attach sealing strip 82 to adjacent inner aps 42. Slot 253 engages pin 294 to hold seal 82 against iaps 42.

Since inner flaps 42 are pivotally attached to and positioned circumferentially about exhaust outlet 60, and further, since sealing strips 82 smoothly connect adjacent inner flaps 42 such that relative circumferential moveyment is perrnttedbetween adjacent aps 42 and since sealing'strips `82 are carried by inner aps 42, the plurality .of inner flaps 42 and sealing strip 82, when assembled, as shown in Fig. 2, form a variable area exhaust nozzle through which the exhaust gases being discharged from engine 10 must pass.

As shown in Fig. 21, inner ap 42 has troth-shaped retaining means 256 extending substantially the full length of the longitudinal edges of aps 42. Troth-shaped retaining means 256 carry longitudinal grooves 258 there in. The retaining track or projection formed by trothshaped retaining means 256 is interrupted in its length as is longitudinal groove 258 therein, as is best shown in Fig. 21.

While sealing strips 82 form a portio'n of inner ap interllap sealing means 250, the second portion of this sealing means 250 is best shown in Figs. 7, 13, and 20. rI'his portion of the inner iiap interflap sealing means 250 comprises two tapered sheet metal. pieces or dat plates 260 and 262 which are pivotally attached to each other at their top surfaces either by forming concentric sheet metal rolls 'as at 264 in Figs. 7 and 13 or by each engaging rolled sheet metal strip 266, as shown in Fig. 18. The bottom surfaces of tapered sheet metal pieces or dat plates 260 and 262 are curled and pivotally 4engage the longitudinal grooves 258 in the retaining tracks 256 of adjacent inner flaps 42 as shown in Figs. 7, 16 and 18. It will be noted that sheet metal pieces 260 and 262 are tapered uniformly throughout their length such that their greatest height exists at their downstream or after ends and that they are located external of and between adjacent inner flaps 42 and extend substantially the full flap length. Sheet metal pieces 260 and 262 have sealing or sheet metal surfaces 268 and 270 which abut oneanother juxtapositioned and in sealing relation to perform a sealing function between adjacent aps 42 when the exhaust nozzle formed by flaps 42 is in its minimum area position. The exhaust nozzle is in its minimum area. position when adjacent flaps 42 are at their closest circumferential position with respect to each other. As the exhaust nozzle formed by inner flaps 42 expands and flaps 42 separate, the sealing surfaces 268 and 270 of sheet metal strips 260 and 262 separate as they pivot about each other at their top surfaces or ends 264 and as they pivot about the retaining tracks 256 of adjacent aps 42 such that sheet metal pieces 260 and 262 form a triangular sealing passage 272 with flaps 42. This triangular passage formed by sheet metal pieces 260 and 262 and flaps 42 is maximum in area when the exhaust nozzle is inits maximum area position. Sheet metal pieces 260 and 262 are retained in proper axial positio'n with respect to flaps 42 by any convenient means such as wire hook 274 which passes through interrupted groove 258 or interrupted track 256 as shown in Fig. 2l and is bent so as to prevent rearward movement of sealing pieces 260 and 262. As further shown in Fig. 2l, pin or cotter pin 276 may be passed through lug 278 which pro'jects from sealing strip 282 such that pin 276 blocks the forward end of retaining tracks 256 of adjacent aps 42 to prevent forward axial movement of sealing pieces 260 and 262.

It will be noted as shown in Figs. 7 and 13 that the sheet metal pieces 260 and 262 have opposed circumferentially directed strips or steps 280 and 282 positioned internal of sealing surfaces 268 and 270. These opposed, circumferentially directed steps permit sealing surfaces 268 and 270 o'f sheet metal pieces 260 and 262, respectively, to abut in sealing relation when inner aps 42 are in their closest circumferential position when the exhaust nozzle formed by flaps 42 is in its minimum area position.

Steps 280 and 282 perform the additional function of forming avery small and rearwardly directed gas leak- Yage passage 284, as shown in Fig. 13, with flaps 42 through which any gas which may escape between sealing strip 82 and adjacent inner ilaps 42 will be directed and .discharged rearwardly in a thrust generating and thrust recovery function. That is, the thrust which is lost in 9.,. the o'verall power plant output due to this gas leakage between adjacent inner flaps 42 is caused to pass through small passage 284 and be discharged rearwardly therethrough in a thrust generating function so as to regain the thrust lost due to gas leakage.

For optimum thrust output it is highly desirable that the exhaust nozzle presented by the plurality of flaps forming the exhaust nozzle be of circular cross section. When a series of overlapping aps (see Figs. 16 and 18) or a series of flaps joined by interllap sealing means which overlap adjacent aps (see Fig. 7) are used to form the exhaust nozzle, and the relative circumferential movement permitted between adjacent flaps is not limited, it is possible that certain flaps will separate circumferentially from their adjacent aps to a greater extent than the remaining iiaps such that either a non-circular exhaust outlet is presented or adjacent overlapping flaps separate such that the gas is discharged through a form other than a circle. To' prevent this excessive circumferential relative motion between adjacent aps and to thereby retain an exhaust nozzle of substantially circular cross section, motion limiting pins of the type shown in Figs. 14, 17, 20 and 2l are used. vFor purposes of illustration, three different types of motion limiting and centering pins 294 are shown. These pins*` are lo'cated outboard of the exhaust nozzle flaps such as aps 42 and run laterally between adjacent aps 42 and are so positioned that projections 290 and 292, which are located at the ends of limiting pins 294, project beyond adjacent tracks or projections 256 on adjacent flaps 42 and pass through the interruptions of said tracks 256 such that pin projections 290 and 292 engage flap projections 256 to prevent adjacent tiaps 42 from moving relative to each other beyond a predetermined limit. The pin shown in Figs. 14, and 16 is at at cross section as is best shown in Fig. 14, and has at end projections 290 and 292 while the pin shown in Figs. 17, 18 and 19 is substantially circular in cross section and has projectio'ns 290 and 292 of circular cross section at its ends. As shown in Figs. V16 and 18, limiting pins 294 may be used to limit the relative circumferential movement between adjacent flaps 424 when such adjacent flaps form an exhaust nozzle by overlapping one another. Pin 294 is retained intposition by sealing means 250. i

Now referring to Figs. 20 and 21, we see that flaps 42 are Vof a variety which do not overlap one another but which are joined circumferentially by sealing strips 82. The. centering pin` 294, shown in Figs.V 20 and 2'1', while not necessarily so limited, is at in cross section as are its end projections 290 and 292. In addition to these end. projections, this pin 294 has substantially center positioned, spaced projections 300 and 302 which, when assembled are located on the o'pposite sides of` lug 252 which projects from sealingstrip 82. The longitudinal groove 253 in lug 252 envelops section 304 of pin 292 which is located between central projections 300 and 302. Central projections 300-andy 302bygengaging sealing strip lug 252 permit pin 294 to perform the additional function of centrally positioning overlapping sealing strip 82 between adjacent inner flaps 42. In short, the pin 294 shown in Figs. 20 and 2l not only limits circumferential relative motion between adjacent flaps 42 but also centrally positions sealing strip 82 with respect to adjacent aps 42. Unit 250 retains pin 294.

Now referring to Fig. 3 we see the double tiap exhaust nozzle 22 in its outer position in solid lines and in its inner position in phantom. When in its inner position, the minimum nozzle throat area is presented as is the minimum divergent length and angle (all as shown) between inner aps 42 and outer flaps 40. When flaps 42 and 40 are in their outer position, the maximum nozzle throat area and the maximum divergent angle and length between these flaps is presented. As exhaust nozzle 22 moves from its inner position to its outer position, the

I0 throat no'zzle area will increase as will the divergent angle and the divergent length of the exhaust nozzle.

It will be noted that in its inner position, tlaps 42 form a convergent exhaust nozzle, while in their outer position, aps 42 form a convergent-divergent exhaust nozzle, due to concave inner surface 54.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment herein illustrated and described, but may be used in other ways without departure from its spirit as defined by the following claims.

I claim:

l. In an exhaust nozzle comprising an exhaust outlet, a series of flaps pivotally attached to and located circumferentially about said exhaust outlet, said aps having a projection on each of its longitudinal edges, a pin running laterally between adjacent flaps and having projections at each of its ends, and means to position said pin such that said pin projections engage said projections on adjacent aps to limit circumferential relative move-- ment between liaps as they pivot about said exhaust outlet. Y

2. In an exhaust nozzle comprising an exhaust outlet, a series of flaps pivotally attached to and located circumferentially about said exhaust outlet, each of said' flaps having a projection on each of its longitudinal edges, a pin running laterally between adjacent flaps and havingv projections at each of its ends, and means to position said pin such that said pin projections engage adjacent pro-A jections on adjacent flaps to limit circumferential relative movement between flaps as they pivot about said exhaust outlet.

3. In an exhaust nozzle comprising an exhaust outlet, a series of flaps pivotally attached to and located cir cumferentially and in spaced relation about said exhaust outlet, each of said flaps having a projection on each of.' its longitudinal edges,A a pin running laterally between adjacent flaps and having projections at each of its ends.

such that said pin projections extend beyond said pro jections on adjacent longitudinal edges of adjacent flaps,- said pin being so positioned that said pin projections en` gage said projection on adjacent flaps to limit circumferential relative movement between iiaps as they pivo-t about said exhaust outlet.

4. In an exhaust nozzle comprising an exhaust outlet,V a series of flaps pivotally attached to and located cir-4 cumferentially about said exhaust outlet, each of said? flaps having a projection on each of its longitudinal edges, a sealing strip located between adjacent flaps, a pin run-4 ning laterally between adjacent liaps having projections: at each of its ends, and means to position said pin suchi that said pin projections engage said projection on ad jacent flaps to limit circumferential relative movement between flaps as they pivot about said exhaust outlet.

5:. In an exhaust nozzle comprising an exhaust outlet,. a: series of longitudinally extending flaps with smooth. undersurfaces pivotally attached to and located circum ferentially and inl spaced relation about said exhaust out-- let, each of said; flaps having a projection on each of itsI longitudinal edges, a longitudinally extending seal strip- Y located between and bearing against the undersurfaccs` of adjacent flaps, a pin located outboard of and runningj laterally between` adjacent liaps and having projectionsat each of its ends, and means to position said pin suchV that said pin projections engage said projections on adjacent flaps to limit circumferential relative movement: between flaps as they pivot about said exhaust outlet.

6. In an exhaust nozzle comprising an exhaust outlet,. a series of longitudinally extending flaps with smooth: undersurfaces pivotally attached to and located circum ferentially and in spaced relation about said exhaust outlet, said flaps having a projection on each of their longitudinal edges, a longitudinally extending seal strip located between and bearing against the undersurfaces of adjacent aps, and having a lug projecting therefrom, a pin engaging said lug and located outboard of and runv ning laterally between adjacent aps and having projections at each of its ends, and means to position said pin such that said pin projections engage said projections on adjacent flaps to limit circumferential relative movement between laps as they pivot about said exhaust outlet.

7. In an exhaust nozzle comprising an exhaust outlet, a series of longitudinally extending ilaps with smooth undersurfaces pivotally attached to and located circumferentially and in spaced relation about said exhaust outlet, said flaps having a projection on each of their longitudinal edges, a longitudinally extending seal strip located between and bearing against the undersurfaces of adjacent aps and having a lug extending upwardly therefrom which lug has a longitudinally extending recess therein, a pin located outboard of and running laterally between adjacent iiaps and having projections at each of its ends and further having substantially centrally located spaced projections, and means to position said pin such that said pin end projections engage said projections on adjacent flaps to limit circumferential relative movement between flaps as they pivot about said exhaust outlet while said lug recess engages said pin between said spaced centrally located projections to substantially centrally position said seal strip with respect to adjacent flaps.

8. In an exhaust nozzle comprising an exhaust outlet, a series of longitudinally extending llaps with smooth undersurfaces pivotally attached to and located circumferentially and in spaced relation about said exhaust outlet, a raised retaining track on the longitudinal edges of each of said aps, said track having an interrupted longitudinal groove therein, a longitudinally extending seal strip located between and bearing against the under surfaces of adjacent flaps, said flaps and strips forming a variable area exhaust nozzle, a pin located outboard of and running laterally between adjacent flaps and having projections at each of its ends, said pin being so positioned that its ends project beyond adjacent tracks on adjacent blades while said pin passes through said track interruptions such that said pin end projections engage said tracks on adjacent liaps to limit circumferential movement between aps as they pivot about said exhaust outlet, and interap sealing means comprising two sheet metal pieces which are pivotally attached to each other at their top surfaces while the bottom surface of each said piece pivotally engages adjacent longitudinal grooves in adjacent aps such that said sheet metal pieces abut in sealing relation when said exhaust nozzle is in its minimum area position.

- 9. In an exhaust nozzle comprising an exhaust outlet, a series of longitudinally extending flaps with smooth undersurfaces pivotally attached to and located circumferentially and in spaced relation about said exhaust outlet, a raised retaining track on the longitudinal edges of- Wardly therefrom'which lug has a longitudinally extending recess therein, said flaps and strips forming a variable area exhaust nozzle, a pin located outboard of and running laterally between adjacent ilaps and having projections at each of its ends and further having substantially centrally located spaced projections, said pin being so positioned that its ends project beyond adjacent tracks on adjacent flaps while said pinpasses through said track interruptions and while said seal strip lug engages said pin between said spaced centrally locatedV projections such that said pin end projections engage said tracks on adjacent aps to limit circumferential relative movement between laps as they pivot about said exhaust outlet, while said lug recess engages said pin between said spaced centrally located projections to substantially centrally position said seal strip with respect to adjacent aps, and interllap sealing means comprising two sheet metal pieces which are pivotally attached to each other at their top surfaces whilethe bottom surface of each said piece pivotally engages adjacent longitudinal grooves in adjacent flaps such that said sheet metal pieces abut in sealing relation when said exhaust nozzle is in its minimum area position.

10. In an exhaust nozzle comprising an exhaust outlet, a series of longitudinally extending aps with smooth undersurfaces pivotally attached to and located circumferentially and in spaced relation about said exhaust outlet, a raised retaining track on the longitudinal edges of each of said flaps, said track havin-g an interrupted longitudinal groove therein, a longitudinally extending seal strip located between and bearing against `the undersurfaces of adjacent flaps and having a lug extending upwardly therefrom which lug has a longitudinally extending recess therein, said aps and strips forming a variable area exhaust nozzle, a pin located outboard of and running laterally between adjacent ilaps and having projections at each of its ends, and further having substantially v centrally located spaced projections, said pin being so positioned that its ends project beyond adjacent tracks on adjacent flaps while said pin passes through said track interruptions and while said seal strip lug engages said pin between said spaced centrally located projections such that said'pin end projections engage said tracks on adjacent flaps to limit circumferential relative movement between aps as they pivot about said exhaust outlet, while said lug recess engages said pin between said spaced centrally located projections to substantially centrally position said seal strip with respect to adjacent aps, interflapsealingmeans comprising two sheet metal pieces, and means to pivotally attach the top surfaces of said pieces to each other while the bottom surface of each said piece pivotally engages adjacent longitudinal grooves in adjacent flaps such that said sheet metal pieces abut in sealing relation when said exhaust nozzle is in its minimum area position.

No references cited. 

